Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of
life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth,
evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Modern biology is a vast and eclectic
field, composed of many branches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad
scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it
that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent
fields. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life,
genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels
the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all
organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their
internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition.
The word biology is derived from the greek words /bios/
meaning /life/ and /logos/ meaning /study/ and is defined as the science of
life and living organisms. An organism is a living entity consisting of one
cell e.g. bacteria, or several cells e.g. animals, plants and fungi.
Aspects of biological science range from the study of
molecular mechanisms in cells, to the classification and behaviour of
organisms, how species evolve and interaction between ecosystems.
Biology often overlaps with other sciences; for example,
biochemistry and toxicology with biology, chemistry, and medicine; biophysics
with biology and physics; stratigraphy with biology and geography; astrobiology
with biology and astronomy. Social sciences such as geography, philosophy,
psychology and sociology can also interact with biology, for example, in
administration of biological resources, developmental biology, biogeography,
evolutionary psychology and ethics.
departments of biology:
- Biotechnology
- Behaviour
- Evolutionary Biology
- Physiology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
- Marine Biology
- Morphology
- Systematics
- Ecology
- Environmental Toxicology
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